The Significance
of the Names of God in Scripture

by Dr. Robert Lightner

Visiting Professor of Theology, Tyndale Theological Seminary

In our twentieth century Western culture, personal names are little more than labels to distinguish one person from another. Sometimes nicknames are chosen which tell something about a person, but even this is a poor reflection of the significance of names in the Bible.

Unfortunately, to many the names God or Lord convey little more than designations of a supreme being. It says little to them about God's character, His ways, and what God means to each of us as human beings. But in Scripture, the names of God are like miniature portraits and promises. In Scripture, a person's name identified them and stood for something specific. This is especially true of God. Naming carried special significance. It was a sign of authority and power. This is evident in the fact that God revealed His names to His people rather than allowing them to choose their names for Him. This is also seen in the fact that God often changed the names of His people: Abram to Abraham, Sarai to Sarah, Jacob to Israel. Note also how this concept of authority and power is seen when Nebuchadnezzar changed the names of Daniel and his three friends.

The Name of God in General
There are a number of instances where no name of God is employed, but where simply the term "name" in reference to God is used as the point of focus:
  1. Abraham called on the name of the Lord (Genesis. 12:8; 13:4).
  2. The Lord proclaimed His own name before Moses (Exodus 33:19; 34:5).
  3. Israel was warned against profaning the name of the Lord (Leviticus 13:21; 22:2, 32).
  4. The name of the Lord was not to be taken in vain (Exodus 20:7; Deuteronomy. 5:11).
  5. The priests of Israel were to minister in the name of the Lord (Deuteronomy. 18:5; 21:5).
  6. The name of God is called "wonderful" in Judges 13:18.
  7. To call on the name of the Lord was to worship Him as God (Genesis. 21:33; 26:25).
Consequently, from this we can conclude that such phrases as "the name of the LORD" or "the name of God" refer to God's whole character. It was a summary statement embodying the entire person of God.

When we turn to the New Testament we find the same. The name Jesus is used in a similar way to the name of God in the Old Testament:
  1. Salvation is through His name (John 1:12).
  2. Believers are to gather in His name (Matthew 18:20).
  3. Prayer is to be made in His name (John 14:13-14).
  4. The servant of the Lord who bears the name of Christ will be hated (Matthew 10:22).
  5. The book of Acts makes frequent mention of worship, service, and suffering in the name of Jesus Christ (Acts 4:18; 5:28, 41; 10:43; 19:17).
  6. It is at the name of Jesus that every knee will one day bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord (Philippians 2:10-11).
So, just as the name of God in the Old Testament spoke of the holy character of God the Father, so the name of Jesus in the New Testament speaks of the holy character of God the Son.

Dr. Robert Lightner
"The God of the Bible, An Introduction to the Doctrine of God"
Copyright © 1973, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan